Hardoi
Hardoi | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Hardoi Location in Uttar Pradesh, India  Hardoi Hardoi (India) | |
| Coordinates: 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Lucknow |
| District | Hardoi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Council |
| • Body | Hardoi Municipal Council |
| • Municipal Chairperson | Sukhsagar Mishra (BJP)[1][2] |
| • Lok Sabha MP | Jai Prakash (BJP) |
| • MLA | Nitin Agrawal (BJP) |
| Elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
• Total | 126,851 |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[4] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 241001 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-30 |
| Sex ratio | 868 ♀/1000 ♂ |
| Languages | Hindi, Urdu, Awadhi |
| Website | www |
Hardoi is a city and municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Hardoi district.[5] It is also known as Prahalad Nagari. Hardoi is about 110 km from the state capital Lucknow and about 385 km from New Delhi. Hardoi is a temple town.
History
[edit] | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Section uses British Raji Era sources that are considered unreliable in Wikipedia. (April 2022) |
The early history of Hardoi is obscure.[6] The name suggests a Bhar, a Dalit caste of pasi origin, but tradition either attributes it to a Thathera ruler named Raja Harnakas or to a religious devotee named Hardeo Babar who supposedly lived here around 1000 CE.[6] In any case, the site was inhabited from an early date; below the old town is an ancient khera that covers 16 acres.[6] Around 1300, a group of Chamar Gaurs led by Nir Singh are said to have conquered the place from the Thatheras, destroyed their fortress, and re-founded the city.[6]
At the turn of the 20th century, Hardoi consisted of two distinct parts: "old" Hardoi, occupying the original site of the village, and "new" Hardoi, which was developed after the establishment of the British civil station in the late 1850s.[6] "New" Hardoi had wide streets, well-shaded by trees, and consisted mostly of the homes of civil officials and members of the local bar, as well as shops.[6] Victoria Hall, built in 1888, contained the municipal and district offices as well as a public library (with books in English, Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit) and a clock tower.[6] The city also had a courthouse, police station, dispensary, orphanage, several schools, post and telegraph offices, and jail.[6] Hardoi was not at the time a major commercial centre; the main trade involved gathering grain from the rural parts of the district and then exporting it by rail.[6] There was a grain market at Railwayganj, by the train station, while the main market was at Hardeoganj, which held bazaars on Sundays and Wednesdays.[6] The Gibsonganj quarter, near Railwayganj, had a colony of carpenters who did "extensive business in plough handles, cart wheels, and other portions of country carts."[6]
Geography
[edit]Hardoi is located at 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°E.[7] It has an average elevation of 134 metres (440 ft). Hardoi is located 110 km from Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) and 394 from New Delhi (capital of India).
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Hardoi (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
40.6 (105.1) |
44.4 (111.9) |
47.0 (116.6) |
48.3 (118.9) |
42.5 (108.5) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.5 (103.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
34.5 (94.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
48.3 (118.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
36.9 (98.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
0.7 (33.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.2 (0.68) |
18.4 (0.72) |
11.6 (0.46) |
11.8 (0.46) |
22.3 (0.88) |
92.3 (3.63) |
254.2 (10.01) |
223.5 (8.80) |
163.2 (6.43) |
23.1 (0.91) |
3.1 (0.12) |
7.5 (0.30) |
848.2 (33.39) |
| Average rainy days | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 41.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 67 | 56 | 42 | 30 | 34 | 48 | 72 | 75 | 72 | 60 | 59 | 66 | 57 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[8][9][10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]As of 2011 Indian Census, Hardoi had a total population of 126,851, of which 66,352 were males and 60,499 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,048. Hardoi had an average literary rate of 76%, of which male literacy was 79.5% and female literacy was 72.1%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,277 and 4 respectively. Hardoi had 21949 households in 2011.[3]
Tourist attractions
[edit]- Sandi Bird Sanctuary, created in 1990, previously, "Dahar Jheel", is an important ecotourism bird habitat.
Economy
[edit]As of 1971, the economy of Hardoi was described as a hybrid between the service, commercial, and industrial sectors.[12] The main items imported were kerosene oil, cane sugar, and cloth.[12] The main items manufactured were sugar, groundnut oil, and lime.[12] The biggest exports were sugar, groundnut oil, and arhar.[12]
Hardoi has officially been incorporated into the State Capital Region of the Uttar Pradesh government in 2024.[13]
Education
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "2023 UP Municipal Election results". ECI Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ "BJP's Sukhsagar Mishra wins Hardoi". Navbharat Times. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Census of India: Hardoi". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ "Welcome to Official Website of District Court Hardoi". Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nevill, H.R. (1904). Hardoi - A Gazetteer. Allahabad: Government Press. pp. 199–203. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc — Hardoi". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Station: Hardoi Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 315–316. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b c d Census 1971 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part X-A: Village & Town Directory, District Hardoi (PDF). 1972. pp. viii–xi, 8–9. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ Rawat, Virendra Singh (29 July 2024). "Uttar Pradesh govt plans to invest Rs 5 trillion to develop Lucknow-SCR". Business Standard. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
- ^ "सेंट जेम्स स्कूल की बीस बसों का चालान". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). 27 April 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Hardoi at Wikimedia Commons
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