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Myliobatiformes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Myliobatiformes
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous to recent[1]
Short-tail stingray, Dasyatis brevicaudata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Division: Batomorphi
Order: Myliobatiformes
Compagno, 1973
Type species
Myliobatis aquila
Families

See text

Myliobatiformes (/mɪliˈɒbətɪfɔːrmz/), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks.[2][3] They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs.[4] They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates.[5][6]

Characteristics

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Myliobatiformes share physical characteristics of a long, thin tail with serrated spines[7] and a pancake-like body.[8] They share many characteristics with the batoid order Rajiformes, in which they were previously included.[8] The key difference of the orders is the Myliobatiformes' single-lobed pelvic fin, lack of a mid-tail spine, and general lack of a dorsal fin.[8] Myliobatiformes also possess stinging spines along the tail's base, and generally possess large pectoral fins that are completely fused (except Myliobatidae) to the head.[9] They can camouflage from predators by using their flat, disk-shaped bodies to lie against the seafloor. [8]

Classification

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Camouflaged porcupine ray

Myliobatiformes is classified as follows in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:[10]

The family Aetobatidae is recognised by some authorities. It contains the genus Aetobatus, which is otherwise part of Myliobatinae. [11]

The families Myliobatidae and Rhombodontidae are sometimes grouped in their own superfamily, Myliobatoidea.[12]

Cladogram

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Myliobatiformes

References

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  1. ^ Marmi, Josep; Vila #, Bernat; Oms, Oriol; Galobart, Àngel; Cappetta, Henri (2010-05-18). "Oldest records of stingray spines (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 970–974. doi:10.1080/02724631003758011. ISSN 0272-4634.
  2. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. "Myliobatiformes". WoRMS. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  3. ^ "Order Summary for Myliobatiformes". FishBase. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  4. ^ "ITIS - Report: Myliobatiformes". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  5. ^ Nelson, J.S. (2006). Fishes of the World (fourth ed.). John Wiley. pp. 69–82. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
  6. ^ Martin, R. Aidan. "Myliobatiformes: Stingrays". ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  7. ^ Stepanek, Rica (2011). A review of the evolution of potamotrygonid freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes). Unknown Publisher.
  8. ^ a b c d "Stingrays: Species". Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  9. ^ Ebert, David A.; Bigman, Jennifer S.; Lawson, Julia M. (2017-01-01), Larson, Shawn E.; Lowry, Dayv (eds.), "Chapter Two - Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans", Advances in Marine Biology, Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation Part A, vol. 77, Academic Press, pp. 9–78, doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2017.07.001, retrieved 2025-03-28
  10. ^ "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  11. ^ White, William T.; Naylor, Gavin J.P. (2016). "Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus Aetobatus". Zootaxa. 4139 (3): 435–438. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.10. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27470816.
  12. ^ Hoganson, John; Erickson, J. Mark; Holland, F. D. (2019). "Chondrichthyan and osteichthyan paleofaunas of the Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation of North Dakota, USA: paleoecology, paleogeography, and extinction. Bulletins of American Paleontology, No. 398: 1–94". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 398. doi:10.32857/bap.2019.398 (inactive 28 March 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2025 (link)